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1 Viscose
Viscose was discovered by two English chemists, Charles F. Cross and E. J. Be van, working in collaboration at Kew, near London, who found that when cellulose was treated with disulphide of carbon in the presence of caustic soda, it was converted into a golden yellow plastic compound which dissolved readily in water. A solution of the plastic was of such viscosity that it was named " viscose," a name that was destined to become world famous, seeing that round about 88 per cent of the world production of rayon is now made by the viscose process. In 1892 Cross and Bevan were granted a patent on the viscose process and it was applied to many purposes before the production of a textile thread was successfully accomplished. Fundamentally, the manufacture of viscose rayon is fairly simple. The raw material may be wood pulp, pulp from cotton linters, or a mixture of the two. The greater part of the world's viscose is made from wood pulp. Viscose rayon manufacture comprises seven distinct treatments as follows: - 1. Making and purifying the cotton or wood pulp which forms the cellulose base. 2. Caustic soda treatment of the cellulose base thereby forming alkali cellulose. 3. Treatment of alkali cellulose with carbon disulphide, forming cellulose xanthate. 4. Dissolving the cellulose xanthate in weak caustic soda to form cellulose solution or viscose. 5. Spinning viscose into yarn. 6. Bleaching, purification and finishing of the yarn. 7. Preparing the yarn for weaving and knitting. -
2 Viscose Staple Fibre
This is produced in exactly the same way as continuous filament viscose up to the point of spinning. Instead of making a separate thread at each spinneret, the filaments from all spinnerets on a frame are drawn together into a rope which runs into a cutter which chops the filaments into a definite staple length varying from 17/16 -in. for mixing with cotton or spinning on cotton machinery, up to 2-in. to 8-in. for mixing with wool or for spinning on wool machinery. Viscose staple fibre is also produced in various filament deniers such as 1.5 denier equivalent to cotton fibre thickness, or 3 and 4.5 filament denier equivalent to wool qualities.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Viscose Staple Fibre
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3 Viscose Staple Fibre In Colours
During the year 1938 supplies became available of viscose staple fibre in colours. For the wool trade there are three colours in 4.5 filament denier and staple length of 2-in. for woollen spinning, and 4-in. to 6-in. for worsted spinning. For cotton spinning five colours are available in 1.5 filament denier and 17/16-in. staple. These colours have the highest degree of fastness and have only a small surcharge for the colour. The producers state that this coloured staple fibre processes with equal facility with normal undyed staple fibre in the same range of counts, so that the difficulties normally met with in the processing of dyed fibres do not apply to these productions.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Viscose Staple Fibre In Colours
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4 прядомая вискоза
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > прядомая вискоза
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5 вискоза
1. ж. viscose2. ж. viscous rayon -
6 ошерстнение вискозы
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7 прядомая вискоза
1) Engineering: spinning viscose2) Polymers: spinnable viscose -
8 вискоза
viscose, viscose solution* * *виско́за ж.1. ( раствор ксантогената целлюлозы — исходное сырьё для вискозного волокна) viscoseвакууми́ровать виско́зу — deaerate the xanthate spinning solutionвиско́за созрева́ет — the xanthate spinning solution ripensформова́ть виско́зу ( в волокно) [m2]че́рез филье́ры в осади́тельную ва́нну — extrude the xanthate through a spinneret into a regenerating bath2. ( вискозное волокно) viscous rayonко́рдная виско́за — tyre-cord viscose rayonпряди́льная виско́за — xanthate spinning solutionшта́пельная виско́за ( для штапельного волокна) — staple viscose rayon* * * -
9 прядение вискозного волокна
Русско-английский текстильный словарь > прядение вискозного волокна
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10 Bevan, Edward John
[br]b. 11 December 1856 Birkenhead, Englandd. 17 October 1921 London, England[br]English co-inventor of the " viscose rayon " process for making artificial silk.[br]Bevan began his working life as a chemist in a soap works at Runcorn, but later studied chemistry at Owens College, Manchester. It was there that he met and formed a friendship with C.F. Cross, with whom he started to work on cellulose. Bevan moved to a paper mill in Scotland but then went south to London, where he and Cross set up a partnership in 1885 as consulting and analytical chemists. Their work was mainly concerned with the industrial utilization of cellulose, and with the problems of the paper and jute industries. Their joint publication, A Text-book of Paper-making, which first appeared in 1888 and went into several editions, became the standard reference and textbook on the subject. The book has a long introductory chapter on cellulose.In 1892 Cross, Bevan and Clayton Beadle discovered viscose, or sodium cellulose xanthate, and took out the patent which was to be the foundation of the "viscose rayon" industry. They had their own laboratory at Station Avenue, Kew Gardens, where they carried out much work that eventually resulted in viscose: cellulose, usually in the form of wood pulp, was treated first with caustic soda and then with carbon disulphide to form the xanthate, which was then dissolved in a solution of dilute caustic soda to produce a viscous liquid. After being aged, the viscose was extruded through fine holes in a spinneret and coagulated in a dilute acid to regenerate the cellulose as spinnable fibres. At first there was no suggestion of spinning it into fibre, but the hope was to use it for filaments in incandescent electric light bulbs. The sheen on the fibres suggested their possible use in textiles and the term "artificial silk" was later introduced. Cross and Bevan also discovered the acetate "Celanese", which was cellulose triacetate dissolved in acetone and spun in air, but both inventions needed much development before they could be produced commercially.In 1892 Bevan turned from cellulose to food and drugs and left the partnership to become Public Analyst to Middlesex County Council, a post he held until his death, although in 1895 he and Cross published their important work Cellulose. He was prominent in the affairs of the Society of Public Analysts and became one of its officials.[br]Bibliography1888, with C.F.Cross, A Text-book of Papermaking.1892, with C.F.Cross and C.Beadle, British patent no. 8,700 (viscose). 1895, with C.F.Cross, Cellulose.Further ReadingObituary, 1921, Journal of the Chemical Society.Obituary, 1921, Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry.Edwin J.Beer, 1962–3, "The birth of viscose rayon", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 35 (an account of the problems of developing viscose rayon; Beer worked under Cross in the Kew laboratories).RLH -
11 Cross, Charles Frederick
[br]b. 11 December 1855 Brentwood, Middlesex, Englandd. 15 April 1935 Hove, England[br]English chemist who contributed to the development of viscose rayon from cellulose.[br]Cross was educated at the universities of London, Zurich and Manchester. It was at Owens College, Manchester, that Cross first met E.J. Bevan and where these two first worked together on the nature of cellulose. After gaining some industrial experience, Cross joined Bevan to set up a partnership in London as analytical and consulting chemists, specializing in the chemistry and technology of cellulose and lignin. They were at the Jodrell laboratory, Kew Gardens, for a time and then set up their own laboratory at Station Avenue, Kew Gardens. In 1888, the first edition of their joint publication A Textbook of Paper-making, appeared. It went into several editions and became the standard reference and textbook on the subject. The long introductory chapter is a discourse on cellulose.In 1892, Cross, Bevan and Clayton Beadle took out their historic patent on the solution and regeneration of cellulose. The modern artificial-fibre industry stems from this patent. They made their discovery at New Court, Carey Street, London: wood-pulp (or another cheap form of cellulose) was dissolved in a mixture of carbon disulphide and aqueous alkali to produce sodium xanthate. After maturing, it was squirted through fine holes into dilute acid, which set the liquid to give spinnable fibres of "viscose". However, it was many years before the process became a commercial operation, partly because the use of a natural raw material such as wood involved variations in chemical content and each batch might react differently. At first it was thought that viscose might be suitable for incandescent lamp filaments, and C.H.Stearn, a collaborator with Cross, continued to investigate this possibility, but the sheen on the fibres suggested that viscose might be made into artificial silk. The original Viscose Spinning Syndicate was formed in 1894 and a place was rented at Erith in Kent. However, it was not until some skeins of artificial silk (a term to which Cross himself objected) were displayed in Paris that textile manufacturers began to take an interest in it. It was then that Courtaulds decided to investigate this new fibre, although it was not until 1904 that they bought the English patents and developed the first artificial silk that was later called "rayon". Cross was also concerned with the development of viscose films and of cellulose acetate, which became a rival to rayon in the form of "Celanese". He retained his interest in the paper industry and in publishing, in 1895 again collaborating with Bevan and publishing a book on Cellulose and other technical articles. He was a cultured man and a good musician. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1917.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1917.Bibliography1888, with E.J.Bevan, A Text-book of Papermaking. 1892, British patent no. 8,700 (cellulose).Further ReadingObituary Notices of the Royal Society, 1935, London. Obituary, 1935, Journal of the Chemical Society 1,337. Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989, Cambridge.Edwin J.Beer, 1962–3, "The birth of viscose rayon", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 35 (an account of the problems of developing viscose rayon; Beer worked under Cross in the Kew laboratories).C.Singer (ed.), 1978, A History of Technology, Vol. VI, Oxford: Clarendon Press.RLHBiographical history of technology > Cross, Charles Frederick
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12 Transparent Film Fibres
The transparent cellulose paper used for wrapping food-stuffs and other articles is identical in constitution with viscose rayon, and is prepared in the same way up to the point of spinning in which it is extruded- through a wide and exceedingly fine slit and is coagulated in continuous sheet form. For textile uses the sheet is cut up into very narrow strips as small as 1/80-in. wide when used alone for effect threads or twisted with another thread, and as fine as 1/100-in. wide when reduced to. staple fibre form and mixed with other fibres prior to spinning.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Transparent Film Fibres
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13 машина системы Нельсон-Баркера для непрерывного прядения и отделки вискозного волокна
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > машина системы Нельсон-Баркера для непрерывного прядения и отделки вискозного волокна
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14 непрерывный процесс прядения и отделки вискозного волокна
Textile: continuous viscose spinning processУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > непрерывный процесс прядения и отделки вискозного волокна
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15 получение прядильного раствора вискозы
Textile: forming of viscose spinning solutionУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > получение прядильного раствора вискозы
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16 приготовление прядильного вискозного раствора
Makarov: preparation of viscose spinningУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > приготовление прядильного вискозного раствора
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17 прядение вискозного волокна
Textile: viscose spinningУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > прядение вискозного волокна
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18 прядильный комбайн для вискозной текстильной нити системы Нельсона
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > прядильный комбайн для вискозной текстильной нити системы Нельсона
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19 Viskoseerspinnlösung
f < chem> ■ viscose spinning solution -
20 Aerated Yarn
Special type of viscose yam, also known as hollow filament, tubular, or macaroni yarn, produced in such a way as to contain gas, whereas in ordinary yarn, great care is taken to eliminate gas bubbles from the solution before spinning. This special yam is said to be lighter, warmer to the touch, and to have greater covering power than ordinary yam.
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